He is FRANKLIN Delano Roosevelt
Rank: 32th president of America
Years of Presidency-March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945(Longest presidenncy only one to be elected for 3 consecutive times)
Born: January 30, 1882 in the Hudson Valley town of Hyde Park, New York
Education: Groton School (one of the top school for preparing student to enter top universities), Harvard University( foreign affairs), Columbia Law school but dropped because he pass New York State Bar exam.
Married to: Eleanor Roosevelt (they have the same last name and same family line)
Early Career:
1.Worked in Carter Ledyard & Milburnin Wall Street ( mainly with corporate law)
2.1910,ran for New York Senator and was reelected inNovember 5, 1912, and resigned from the New York State Senate on March 17, 1913
3.1911 became one of the leaders who opposed Manhattan's Tammany Hall, a political machine which dominated the state Democratic’s Party.
4.Appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy by Woodrow Wilson in 1913( gain reputation as an effective administer)
5.Founded the United States Navy Reserve.
6.Founded a hydrotherapy center for the treatment of polio patients which still operates as the 7.Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation (when he had polio).
8.Governor of New York 1929–1932
a.“Concentrated on tax relief for farmers and cheaper public utilities for consumers”( biography .com)

Roosevelt Illness: During 1921 ,he had sickness that physician believe is polio .He was paralyzed from the waist down. He tried a variety of therapies. Throughout this life time, he never accepted about this evident fact that paralysed him. He did not give up even though he was paralyzed. He learned how to walk shorter distances and wore supported accessories and even convinced the public that he was getting better.Years later, when the technology and the face of medicine was more developed and advance, it becomes clear that that the sickness that Franklin D. Roosevelt had is not polio but Guillain-Barré syndrome. This fact still remains uncertain because Roosevelt’s sickness was never meticulously examined

presidential election of 1932

Because of Roosevelt’s popularity, he was the obvious candidate for the Democrat Party. He also had friends that popular were in publishing industries such as William Randolph Kennedy. “This election was conducted in the year of great depression a time that majority of Americans were unemployed, many banks had been shut down, and industrial product had fallen about 56%. The depression became the issue for all Americans.”(The White House). Responding to the Great Depression, Roosevelt campaign was relief, reform, and recover America. Roosevelt pledged for the people that he would have a new deal to provide jobs ,make better living standard and to bring recovery to business and agriculture (This was his famous speech “I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.”), and he promised aid to farmers, public development of electric power, a balanced budget, and government policing of irresponsible private economic power. Another campaign that Roosevelt promised was to bring the end of lynching. Two African American campaigners against lynching, Mary McLeod Bethune and Walter Francis White helped him about this too.
Roosevelt won 57% of the ( 23 million popular votes to Hoover's nearly 16 million) and the electoral vote was 472 to 59 to President Herbert Hoover from republican who is running for election
It was evident that during President Hoover’s office, the economy had been spiral downward. His triumphant was the significance key to recovered America and brought America up as the world most power nation as to the world

Domestic Policies

Domestic policy
Domestic policies by political science means are decisions, laws, and programs which focus on areas such as health care, education, unemployment, and economics.
For Franklin Roosevelt during his first term, the policies focused mainly recovering the economy and making farmers have higher income, and raising the standards of living of Americans. It is called New Deal which was a campaign by Roosevelt to recover, reform, and relief the nation from the depression and reforms of economy.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
The TVA was a public corporation created in 1933 to build dams and hydroelectric power plants and to improve navigation and flood control in the vast Tennessee River basin. “TVA provided cheap electricity to impoverish areas in seven states along their tributaries, reignited a long-standing debate over the proper role of government in the development of the nation's natural resources”( Mr. Todd’s Notes)

OPA( Office of Price Administration)
This was created by Roosevelt responding the increase in production which making the price higher. The OPA fought the inflation by freezing prices price on most goods imports, freezing wages, prices, and rents. It also raise income tax rates and extended the tax to people who never paid it before. With highertxes, it successfully reduce consumer demand on scare goods by leaving workers with lesseer to spend. It also set up a system for rationing, or established fixed allotments of goods demmed essential for military.

Securities and Exchange Commission
Due to the economic collapse, and the market had been cut in half, Roosevelt pass the Securities and Exchange Commission which force the companies provide truthful information about the stock. This allowed the government to know and acknowledge to growth of the stock, and also prevent another depression.

Key Domestic Affairs

New Deal 1 the Famous 100 plan days
Franklin D. Roosevelt did not fail to keep his promise with America. He came up the 100 plan, part of the New Deal. His administration had present this to the congress which intend the recovered the economy, and to provide relief to unemployed and poor, and to reforms the aspect which he believe was the caused of the great depression and the collapse of economy. He would constantly fix it too when things did not work out in the plan. “The first step of the plan was ordering all banks closed until congress pass registration allowing banks to reopen, this is call bank holiday”.(biography.com) The session intended to end the depositors' runs, which were threatening to destroy the nation's entire banking system. The 2 main key of the 100 days plan are NIRA, and AAA, Glass Steagall act.
He established Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) which force higher prices for commodities by paying farmers to not plan crop and to reduce productions which reducing the surpluses that kept commodity prices low. The subsidies were to be generated from taxes on the processing of the commodities. The program gradually succeeded by raising the income of the farmers.
The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 was 2 program plan tried to end cutthroat competition by forcing industries to come up with codes that established the rules of operation for all firms within specific industries, such as minimum prices, agreements not to compete, and production restrictions It put 3.3 $ billion to spend through Public Works Administration to stimulate the economy.
Glass Steagall was signed by Roosevelt after he closed all the banks and inspected them. In order to make the Americans trusted the bank gain, he signed this act. This act created the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation). Whenever there was a decline in economy, the bank would back up with money up to 5000$.
The New Deal was a successful. It was able to relief the unemployed who was about to lose their home and increase to increase the rate of employment by giving them jobs.
New Deal 2

Roosevelt was satisfied by that the economy of 1932-1933 began to rise. However the economy was till far below the stock market clash and there was still 12% of unemployment. In order to recover more of the economy, he pass the New Deal, the second new deal, consist of social security act , and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Social Security Act established the first economic safety net which provided unemployment and disabilities insurance and old-age pension. The WPA provided the unemployed with useful work that would help to maintain their skills and bolster their self-respect which result in employment of 2.1 millions workers on projects such as road, airports, and etc.

Foreign Policy

By definition of political science, it defines that foreign Policy and Affairs are issue that concerns with how the country will interact with interact with other countries economically, politically, socially and militarily and with state actors. During his first presidency there had been many things going with other countries but later on most of his foreign policies concerns about World War 2. The foreign policy over shadowed many domestic policies during Roosevelt’s second, third, and forth term of presidency due to the situation of World War 2. However he also sought out to help France by selling them bought the air crafts and weapons.
Nazi captured France shocked America that some people began to think that USA take the risk to involve in war to help Great Britain which remained as the single target or in other context only country fighting war against Hitler. Not only sought out to help the Allied Force, Roosevelt who seem to be aware of the future told his secretary of war to also prepare for total America military involvement and increase spending for national defense.

Lend Lease Act
Due to the fact that Britain has no more cash to spend in arsenal and armament, Roosevelt attempt to help by signing Lend Lease act. It allowed the United State to lend huge amounts of military equipment to other nations, without immediate payment, to “ any country whose defense was vital to the United States.”( US History Text Book p.552).


Atlantic Charter
This was a joint declaration proposes by Winston Churchill (Britain’s prime’s minister) and Franklin D. Roosevelt. This “Both of them pledge the following: collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and the freedom of the sea”( American History Text book p.554).
The Atlantic charter became the basis of a new Document called “A declaration of the United Nations.” The term united nation was suggested by Roosevelt to express the commom purpose of allies


Neutrality Act
This was singed by Roosevelt declaring that America would not be on either side of the war and would stay neutral and isolated from the war. This act had brought happiness toward the American especially isolationist but not Roosevelt who wanted to stop Hitler and brought peace to the world.

Key Foreign Affairs( Significance)

DECLARE WAR ON Axis Power
HEADLILINE PEARL HARBOR BOMD, ALLIED FORCE YAY
USA JOINS WWII
“By the end of November, Roosevelt knew that an attack was imminent (the United States had broken the Japanese code), but Roosevelt was uncertain where it would take place” (biography.com). Before the attack one day the warning of war was send to US Army and many places but did not receive it in time due to errors. To his great surprise, Japanese bomb and destroy completely Pearl Harbor on December 7 1941. This was his famous speech called Infamy Speech on somber day “ December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan”(Franklin Delano Roosevelt December 17 1941). The attack killed 3000 Americans, destroyed completely the whole fleet and its entire stored aircrafts. The attack had made America raged, and somber to the lost of the people. After the attack 3 days, United State declared war in Central Axis. Following in action, Nazi and Italy declared war America.

Roosevelt Contribution During World War II
By the time that USA joined the war, Soviet also changed their side to join Allied Force which now had 3 main members. These members were called the Big Three( Roosevelt ,Churchill, Stalin). “They often met at conference to formulate strategies as well as contact diplomatic and military channels”(Wikipedia). US promised to be the supplier of this war by shipping $50 billion of Lend Lease supplies, primarily to Britain and to the USSR, China and other Allies.
The initial strategy of the war by the US war department was to invade France across the English Channel. “Churchill, wary of the casualties he feared this would entail, favored a more indirect approach, advancing northwards from the Mediterranean Sea. Roosevelt rejected this plan.”(wikipedia). Roosevelt decided to attack via Africa first was: The allied will have the place where they can add soldier and military supply and a person stand. “Roosevelt was planning to Sandwich Germany” (Mr. Stephen Ladias 2009). Stalin would be on the western front to battle against Central Axis.
Now Axis Power ( Germany ,Italy, and Ottoman) must face war on two sides, Western Front (Britain and America), and Eastern Front(Soviet Union). The Allied Forcehad triumphant in France and succeeded their initial plan. Following recapture of France, they captured Sicily( Italian Island), and then captured Italy and their leader, Mussolini. Now,Germany had to face war on both sides. Soviet Union, America, and Britain were around their border started to bombard Germany.
In 1944 Roosevelt began to use bombing strategy escalated in 1944, pulverizing all major German cities and cutting off oil supplies. “He picked general Dwight D. Eisenhower to head the Allied cross-channel invasion to do the operation and also some other several great generate in partner with Churchill and Stalin”(TIME 100). The operation was called Overlord. “Some of the most costly battles of the war ensued after the invasion, and the Allies were blocked on the German border in the "Battle of the Bulge" in December 1944. This battle concluded the end of the World War II, and peace was again in the world. Pity for Roosevelt, he died before the V - E Day.

YALTA CONFERENCE: Plan after World War with Stalin and Churchill
Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill, the Big Three, came to together to lay the foundation of the United Nation, the new league of nation in order to make the world closer and become united. The Big Three agreed at the Yalta Conference to make the post war decision. Three of main points in this conference were: Germany would be divided into four occupy zones, repaired the Germany, and would fight against Japan after 90 days of V - E Day.

Election of 1936

Roosevelt ran for second term election in 1936. His opponent was Governor Alfred M. Landon of Kansas from republican. His campaign was still the New Deal to lower the unemployment rate. Due to the impressive work from the last term he gain a firm support from farmers, Jews, and African American. He won the election with the electoral vote of 528 to 8, and the popular vote of 60.8 % to 36.5%.